Burning physical Joss paper releases toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide and particulate matter, which can pose significant health risks when inhaled. These emissions contribute to air pollution and may cause respiratory issues, particularly for individuals with pre-existing conditions.

Additionally, the practice can be hazardous, as unattended flames or improperly managed fires have the potential to cause accidents or spread, endangering people and property. The smoke and ash can also inconvenience or negatively impact neighbours and those in the vicinity, creating a broader communal issue beyond individual health concerns.